While reviewing the documents given, it is easy to see that there are various opinions in trading; some only see the good, some only see the bad, and some see both sides of the idea.
Trade was generally looked down upon because of all the risks and bad things it promoted.
One particular critique of trade is that it promotes trickery and dishonesty. In the first document, the Divine Inspiration was basically saying that if the everyone is honest with each other during trading, then all will go well, but when the buyer or seller cheats the other out of goods or money, then ill fortune will befall them. On trade in general, Ibn Khaldun (2nd document) knows that although it is a natural part of life, it includes ploys and tricks to fool their consumers. In the third document, the biography of Saint Godric, there is no warning about trading; actually, he turns against the traders in Jerusalem who had lied and cheated. The Pope (in the 4th document) was being wary of what was to come and was smart not to give the Muslims an indirect advantage to the war, and prevented the people of Venice from selling them anything they could use in war across the seas.
Another critique in trading is that it goes against their religion. Humbert de Romans (fifth document) finds that markets are usually morally worse than fairs, because they are held on feast days when men should be at the sermon and the Mass, doing things against the Church's commands. In China (6th document), the actual idea of trading goes against what the Confucian Classic says: "Great understanding is broad and unhurried; little understanding is cramped and busy."
In all of the documents, they discuss the pros and cons of trading, cons usually outnumbering the pros. Either it goes against their religion or warning that people of what the traders might pull on them. It is obvious that China would reject trading because they are isolated from everyone else in both the Classical and Post-Classical periods. What Pope Innocent III did to trading is predictable because Muslims and Chistians are almost mortal enemies because of their religion, and since they were at war with them, he wanted to make sure the Muslims didn't win, and because he probably didn't like the Muslim traders even if they didn't cause any harm. What Ibn Khaldun said about trading was to be expected because he was a Muslim. A document that would be suggested to make this analyzation better would be one from India, preferably by a Hindu, because India was a big part of the Classical period and Hindu is a world religion.
Tuesday, January 6, 2009
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